Articles · Infrastructure

Ping: how a packet reaches your broker and why you can't cheat the speed of light

Between your click on Buy and the broker's server lie thousands of kilometers of glass, dozens of routers and one hard law of physics. We break the packet's journey down piece by piece: where every millisecond comes from, where your traffic actually travels, how to measure ping honestly — and the only way to reduce it that actually works.

7 minAugust 16, 2026Free article

When you hit Buy, you start a race: the order has to reach the broker's server, and the confirmation has to make it back. All that time the price keeps living its own life. How long the trip takes is decided not by your tariff or the “power” of your internet, but by geography: thousands of kilometers of fiber, dozens of routers, and the speed of light — which can't be bought or overclocked. Let's walk the packet's road inch by inch, from your router to a rack in a data center.

Ping is distance, not speed

Ping (also RTT, round-trip time) is how long a small packet takes to reach a server and come back. It's measured in milliseconds and has almost nothing to do with the “internet speed” on your plan: bandwidth is the width of the pipe, ping is its length. A gigabit plan downloads a file faster, but it doesn't move you a single millimeter closer to a server in New York.

200,000 km/s — the ceiling
Light in optical fiber travels a third slower than in vacuum: glass refracts. Hence a simple rule: every 100 kilometers of cable adds roughly a millisecond to the round trip.
~75 ms — the minimum to New York
Moscow to New York is about 7,500 km in a straight line: even a perfect great-circle cable would take ~75 ms round trip. Real routes are longer, so in practice it's 110–130 ms.
15–20 hops along the way
That's how many routers a packet passes. Each one reads the address and decides where to forward it — adding its microseconds, and under load, milliseconds.
terminallast mile1–10 msISP networkcross-country5–15 msbackbone · IXthe ocean60–70 msbroker servertotal RTT ≈ 70–95 ms — and that's a lucky route
Ping by its components: the last mile and city networks add milliseconds, the ocean adds tens

Ping is a sum of segments, and the sum is distributed very unevenly. Wi-Fi and your home router contribute 1–10 ms, the city and backbone paths a few more — and then geography takes over: every ocean costs tens of milliseconds, and no tariff cancels that.

The packet's road: fifteen hops to the broker

A packet doesn't travel in a straight line. The internet is thousands of autonomous systems (the same ASNs from our proxy article) that negotiate traffic exchange: sometimes directly, sometimes through exchange points (IX), sometimes via transit operators. The route is chosen by the BGP protocol — based on agreements and cost, not geometry. So a packet from Moscow to New York almost certainly detours through Frankfurt or London, and when a backbone fails it suddenly goes “the long way around” with an extra 30 ms.

Across oceans, traffic rides submarine cables: there are about five hundred of them, carrying nearly all of the planet's intercontinental traffic. On the main financial route, London — New York, milliseconds cost hundreds of millions: the Hibernia Express cable was laid in 2015 along a deliberately straightened arc — around $300 million to beat neighboring cables by ~5 ms. The buyers of that head start are banks and HFT funds.

straight line~7,500 km · would be ~75 ms~45 ms~15 ms~70 mssubmarine cableMoscowFrankfurtLondonNew Yorkthe actual route: ~11,000 km · 110–130 ms
A packet knows no geometry: from Moscow to New York it travels via Frankfurt and London, and the real route is half again longer than the straight line

What your ping is made of

01 · The last mile
Wi-Fi, your home router, a congested ISP channel. It contributes 1–10 ms, but more importantly it's the main source of jitter: this is where ping “jumps”. A cable instead of Wi-Fi is the cheapest latency upgrade there is.
02 · Your ISP's routing
Where your operator hands traffic off and who it peers with directly. Two ISPs in the same building can carry packets to the same data center over routes that differ by tens of milliseconds.
03 · Distance
The main component, and nothing fixes it except moving closer: ~1 ms per 100 km of cable. An ocean between you and your broker is an instant 60–80 ms both ways.
04 · The far end
The data center's network and the broker's server itself. Under load — news releases, market open — queues on routers and the server add milliseconds exactly when they're most expensive.

Jitter and loss: ping is not one number

Average ping is like average temperature across a hospital. The real picture is the spread (jitter) and packet loss. A lost packet gets resent by TCP, and instead of 100 ms the order travels 300–500: in the terminal it looks like a random freeze. A network that holds a steady 25 ms is better for trading than one that shows 15 but spikes to two hundred once a minute.

Measuring it honestly

  1. Ping the trading server, not the website

    The broker's website almost certainly lives on a CDN in another country. The real trading server's address is visible in the terminal — that's the one to measure.

  2. Use a traceroute, not a single ping

    mtr or WinMTR show every hop: where the route detours, at which node latency grows and packets get lost.

  3. Measure during battle hours

    A ping at 3 a.m. tells you nothing. Measure during the European and American sessions and on news releases — when everyone's network is loaded.

  4. Watch jitter and loss

    A few hundred samples at minimum. Spread beyond ±10 ms or loss above 0.5% is worth investigating even if the average looks pretty.

  5. Compare against a VPS

    The same measurement from a server in a data center near your broker shows how many milliseconds you leave on the road from home every day. In OnlyForex this is built-in mechanics: the Connections section lists every server of your broker with its country and a live ping — and you should measure from the VPS itself, because your home channel plays no part in the battle route.

The only way to reduce it

Ping doesn't get “optimized” — it shrinks together with distance. While the terminal sits at home, you carry the whole route with you: the last mile, the ISP, the ocean. Moving the terminal to a VPS in a data center next to the broker's server removes the route almost entirely — what's left is the next rack over and fractions of a millisecond. Home becomes a remote control: the RDP connection to the VPS can cross an ocean for all it matters — it has no effect on order execution speed.

For arbitrage, placement is an even finer question. The engine lives between two points — the quote feed node and the broker's server — and the ideal VPS sits in the middle of that path, so both delays fit into single-digit milliseconds. OnlyForex feed nodes run in London, New York and Tokyo; the best case is when all three points land in the same financial hub like NY4 or LD4. And a terminal at home, in this coordinate system, is a voluntary 50–100 ms head start handed to your counterparty on every order.

01 · AT HOMEhomebroker serverorder in transit:~120 msevery order crosses the ocean02 · ON A VPShomeRDP accessVPS · NY4broker serverorder in transit:< 1 msthe next rack over
A terminal at home ships every order across the ocean; a terminal on a VPS sits in the rack next to the broker's server, and home becomes the remote control
Same data center
< 1 ms
Same city
1–5 ms
Within Europe
15–40 ms
Moscow — London
45–60 ms
Moscow — New York
110–130 ms
On top of a VPN
+10–50 ms to the route
Up next: picking the right VPS

Where to rent the server, why the location is chosen for a specific broker, and how the Connections section finds all of its servers with live pings — covered in a separate article: “A remote server for arbitrage: picking a VPS without overpaying”.

Read the VPS piece

The toolbox on one screen

01 · Measurement and tracing
Start by seeing what your route actually looks like.
ping.pe
Ping and MTR to any address from dozens of locations worldwide at once.
WonderNetwork
A live table of pings between hundreds of cities — quick geography estimates.
PingPlotter
Traceroute with jitter and loss graphs for every hop.
WinMTR
ping + traceroute in one window: the free Windows classic.
02 · Network maps
What the internet your order rides on actually looks like.
Submarine Cable Map
Every submarine cable on the planet on one map.
Internet Exchange Map
Traffic exchange points — the places where networks connect directly.
PeeringDB
Who peers with whom: the directory of every major network's interconnections.
bgp.tools
A dossier on any autonomous system — the same ASNs from our proxy article.
03 · The world of big speed
The infrastructure financial milliseconds revolve around.
Equinix
LD4, NY4, TY3 — the data centers where exchanges, brokers and their neighbors live.
DE-CIX
One of the world's largest traffic exchange points, Frankfurt.
Cloudflare Radar
The state of the internet in real time: outages, routes, traffic.
TeleGeography
Backbone network analytics — the authors of the submarine cable map.

Frequent questions

Why does ping grow in the evening?

Prime time: the neighbors are streaming, your ISP's network and your last mile are loaded. Packets wait in router queues — both latency and jitter grow. One more reason to measure ping during the hours you actually trade.

Will a gigabit plan reduce my ping?

No. The plan is bandwidth — the width of the pipe. Ping is determined by route length and queues along the way. The pipe gets wider, not shorter: New York is still thousands of kilometers away.

Wi-Fi or cable?

For trading — cable. Wi-Fi adds one to ten milliseconds, but the worse part is jitter spikes under interference — and stability matters more to a terminal than the average.

What ping counts as normal?

It depends only on distance: fractions of a millisecond within one data center, 1–5 ms across a city, tens across a continent, over a hundred across an ocean. Check your measurement against the table above: if it's notably worse than the norm for your distance, the problem is in the route — find it with a traceroute.

Why is my game ping 20 ms but my broker ping 120?

Game servers sit in your region — hundreds of kilometers away. Trading servers sit where the liquidity is: New York, London, Tokyo. That's thousands of kilometers, and no setting cancels that physics.

Can a VPN reduce ping?

It almost always increases it: an extra intermediary on the route, as we covered in the proxy article. The rare exception is when your ISP's route is so crooked that a VPN accidentally straightens it — but don't build your trading on that; the reliable fix is a VPS next to the broker, not a tunnel.

Milliseconds are distance

Ping can't be bought with a tariff — only shortened with distance. How to pick a VPS in the right data center, check pings to broker servers and assemble the whole stack up to the first trade — it's all in the guide; the first chapters are open.

Read the guide